What is HIV?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting white blood cells known as T cells, which are critical for fighting infections. If left untreated, HIV can weaken the immune system to the point where it can no longer effectively fight off infections and diseases, leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).

How Does HIV Work Inside The Body?

HIV works by infecting and destroying T cells, which weakens the immune system over time. Even if a person feels healthy, the virus silently replicates within their body, reducing the number of functional T cells. Without treatment, this gradual decline in immune function may lead to AIDS, characterized by severe immune deficiency and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

How is HIV Transmitted?

1. Unprotected Sexual Intercourse: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who is HIV-positive, particularly without the use of condoms or other preventive measures.
2. Blood-to-Blood Contact: Sharing needles or syringes (commonly among drug users) can transmit the virus, as small amounts of infected blood may be transferred.
3. Blood Transfusions: Though rare in modern medical settings due to rigorous blood screening, receiving infected blood can spread HIV.
4. Infected Piercing or Tattoo Instruments: Contaminated tools, such as razor blades, tattoo needles, or surgical equipment, can carry the virus.
5. From Mother to Child: During childbirth or breastfeeding, HIV can be passed from an infected mother to her baby.

HIV lives in bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Casual contact like hugging, shaking hands, or sharing utensils does not transmit the virus.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

HIV symptoms may not appear for years, and an infected person can look and feel completely healthy. The only reliable way to know if someone has HIV is through testing. Confidential HIV test in the Philippines are available, allowing individuals to privately test themselves.

Differences Between HIV and AIDS

HIV refers to the virus itself and the condition of being infected by it. AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged, and the person becomes vulnerable to life-threatening infections and illnesses. A person diagnosed with AIDS will always retain that diagnosis, even if their immune function improves with treatment.

Can HIV Be Cured?

Currently, there is no cure for HIV or AIDS. However, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective at managing the virus. When started early, ART can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, allowing people with HIV to live long, healthy, and active lives. Early and consistent treatment is crucial to delay or prevent the progression to AIDS.

Prevention and Living with HIV

Prevention: Safe sexual practices, regular testing, avoiding shared needles, and taking preventive medications like PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Living with HIV: With proper medical care, people with HIV can lead fulfilling lives. Regular doctor visits, adherence to medication, and a healthy lifestyle are essential for managing the condition.

HIV is not a death sentence. With the right knowledge, accurate and affordable HIV home testing, and effective treatment, it is possible to control the virus and prevent AIDS. Awareness and education are the first steps toward ending the stigma and reducing the spread of HIV.